Salmon is often touted as a healthy, nutrient-rich food, but not all salmon is equal. Much of the salmon we find in the supermarket or on our plates are farmed, and they lack a host of nutrients that wild caught salmon have. Here are some ways that farmed and wild salmon differ.

三文鱼通常被认为是一种营养价值高的健康食物，但并不是所有的三文鱼都是一样的。我们在超市里买的或者在饭馆里吃到的三文鱼都是养殖的，营养价值比野生三文鱼要低得多，我们下面就来看看养殖的和野生的三文鱼有什么不同。

Color

The flesh of wild salmon often comes in a deeper, richer shade than farmed salmon. The difference is thanks to astaxanthin, a bright red molecule found in algae, plankton, and krill.

There are benefits to consuming naturally-occuring astaxanthin:

• It's a potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory

• It improves blood flow

• It protects your mitochondria by strengthening their cell membranes to keep out damaging oxygen species

• It enhances mitochondrial energy production

Wild salmon get plenty of astaxanthin from their diets - especially sockeye salmon, which almost exclusively eat astaxanthin-rich plankton. Farmed salmon eat food pellets that don’t contain natural astaxanthin, so farmers add in a synthetic version.

颜色

野生三文鱼肉的颜色比养殖的更深更鲜艳，这是因为它富含虾青素，这是一种亮红色的大分子，常见于海藻、浮游生物和磷虾中。

食用天然形成的虾青素益处多多：

• 虾青素具有强大的抗氧化和消炎功效

• 促进血液循环

• 保护线粒体，强化线粒体膜，抵抗氧化物的入侵

• 提高线粒体产生能量的能力

野生三文鱼的食物中含有大量虾青素，尤其是红三文鱼，他们专吃富含虾青素的浮游生物。养殖的三文鱼吃的是饲料，不含天然的虾青素，所以养殖场会在饲料中加入人工虾青素。

Nutritional content

Wild salmon have a natural and varied diet, which makes their nutritional profile more complete with micronutrients, fats, minerals, vitamins, and antioxidants like astaxanthin. Farmed salmon, on the other hand, are fed an artificial diet consisting of grain products like corn and soy, most of which is genetically modified, along with chicken and feather meal, artificial coloring, and synthetic astaxanthin, which is not approved for human consumption, but is permitted to be used in fish feed.

As a consequence of this man-made diet, the nutritional content of farmed salmon is altered. The fat ratio is different, which causes the taste to change, and the flesh contains far more omega-6 over the more beneficial omega-3. Wild salmon, on the other hand, typically has more omega-3s compared to omega-6s.

Mercury levels in fish is another significant problem in farmed salmon. Both the American Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) have been studying mercury contamination in fish, and wild-caught salmon has consistently been at very low risk of mercury contamination.

营养成分

野生三文鱼的食物种类繁多、来源天然，这就使得他们的肉也富含多种营养成分，如微量元素、脂肪、矿物质、维生素及虾青素等抗氧化物。养殖的三文鱼吃的则是人工饲料，主要是玉米和大豆等谷物，大多是转基因的作物，以及鸡肉和羽毛粉、人工色素和人工虾青素，人工虾青素是不适合被人类食用的，但添加到鱼饲料中并不违法。

食用这种人工饲料会使得养殖的三文鱼的营养成分改变。脂肪含量改变了，鱼肉的口味也会随之改变，并且含有大量的omega-6脂肪酸而不是对人体有益的omega-3。而野生的三文鱼所含有的omega-3脂肪酸比omega-6要多得多。

鱼肉中的汞含量也是养殖三文鱼的另一个问题。美国食品药品监督局和国家环境保护局都在研究鱼类汞污染的问题，而野生三文鱼的汞污染则常年保持着极低的风险。

Fish Health

Unlike wild salmon, which can swim for miles, farmed salmon are kept in enclosed pens that limit exercise and are bad for their health. They become the aquatic version of "couch potatoes," said Tony Farrell of the University of British Columbia Zoology department, with similar health consequences to the ones humans face when we don't exercise enough.

Research has shown that survival rates of fish with sufficient exercise is 13 percent higher than their incarcerated counterparts, and the exercise-conditioned fish had better growth and stronger immune systems.

鱼的健康

野生三文鱼有着广阔的海域可以供其嬉戏锻炼，而人工养殖的三文鱼则被关在狭窄的养鱼场，这对三文鱼的健康极其不利。不列颠哥伦比亚大学动物学系的Tony Farrell将这类被圈养的鱼比作“懒人土豆”，和不经常锻炼的懒人一样，这些被圈养的鱼也面临着同样的健康问题。

研究表明，得到足够锻炼的鱼比被圈养的鱼存活率要高出13%，经常锻炼的鱼长得更好，而且拥有更强壮的免疫系统。

How to tell wild salmon apart

There are five varieties of wild salmon, and just like wine, they vary according to where they come from. Geography, food source, and water nutrients will change the character of a salmon. Here's how to differentiate them.

如何分辨野生三文鱼种类

野生三文鱼有五种，就和葡萄酒一样，不同的产地有不同的三文鱼。地理环境、食物来源和水生营养素是影响三文鱼特点的重要因素。下面我们来看看如何分辨不同的野生三文鱼。

Chinook

• Ivory to bright-red flesh with soft, succulent texture and rich flavor

• 150 calories, 8 grams of fat, 19.1 grams of protein per 100g

• Available year-round
  

帝王三文鱼

• 鱼肉颜色为象牙白或亮红色，肉质鲜嫩多汁，口味丰盈

• 每100克含150卡路里，8克脂肪，19.1克蛋白质

• 全年供应

Chum

• Pale pink flesh with delicate flavor

• 129 calories, 5 grams of fat, 21 grams of protein per 100g

• Available from June to October

阿拉斯加三文鱼

• 鱼肉为浅粉色，口味精细

• 每100克含129卡路里，5克脂肪，21克蛋白质

• 供应时间为6月至10月

Coho

• Flavor similar to chinook, but with orange-red flesh and a firmer texture

• 140 calories, 6 grams of fat, 21.6 grams of protein per 100g

• Available from July to September

银三文鱼

• 口味和帝王三文鱼相似，鱼肉为橘红色，肉质更加坚实

• 每100克含140卡路里，6克脂肪，21.6克蛋白质

• 供应时间为7月至9月

Sockeye

• Deep red color, rich texture and flavor

• 156 calories, 8.4 grams of fat, 20.3 grams of protein per 100g

• Available from May to September

红三文鱼

• 鱼肉为深红色，肉质和口味丰富

• 每100克含156卡路里，8.4克脂肪，20.3克蛋白质

• 供应时间为5月至9月

Pink

• Rosy pink, light, and delicate, with almost tuna-like flavor

• 154 calories, 5.7 grams of fat, 25.7 grams of protein per 100g

• Available from July to August

粉三文鱼

• 鱼肉为玫瑰粉色，轻盈精致，口味与吞拿鱼相似

• 每100克含154卡路里，5.7克脂肪，25.7克蛋白质

• 供应时间为7月至8月

Farmed Atlantic salmon

• Pale pink flesh with mild flavor

• 179 calories, 11 grams of fat, and 20 grams of protein per 100g

• Available year-round

养殖挪威三文鱼

• 鱼肉为浅粉色，口味温和

• 每100克含179卡路里，11克脂肪，20克蛋白质

• 全年供应

All commercially available Atlantic salmon are farm raised. Atlantic salmon typically are marketed alongside Pacific salmon, but they are a different genus and species of fish. Just because salmon is labeled "Pacific" doesn't mean it is wild. There are some farm-raised Pacific salmon imported from Canada and Chile. Look for salmon labeled "wild."

所有市面上销售的挪威三文鱼都是养殖的，通常和太平洋三文鱼一同销售，但这两种鱼是完全不同的。包装上写着“太平洋”的三文鱼不一定就是野生的，有一些加拿大和智利进口的太平洋三文鱼是养殖的，在购买的时候要注意看包装上是否明确写明“野生”。

If you want to have some wild-caught salmon, try Zlata's wild pacific smoked pink salmon, which is made with the most natural of ingredients. It only contains wild Pacific salmon, salt, and natural alder smoke, and they do not use sodium nitrate or other chemical preservatives. It also has:

• No artificial coloring

• No pesticides and antibiotics 

• No growth hormones

• No GMOs

• No refined sugar added

如果你想尝尝野生的三文鱼，不妨试一下Zlata的野生太平洋烟熏三文鱼，由最天然的原料制成，即野生太平洋三文鱼、盐，用赤杨木烟熏而成，不使用亚硝酸钠或其他化学防腐剂，此外还有如下特点：

• 不含人工色素

• 不含杀虫剂或抗生素 

• 不含生长激素

• 不含转基因成分

• 不添加精制糖

Additionally, Zlata is a Russian family-run business that's committed to natural and sustainable farming practices. The salmon is a certified ECO product, and Zlata only works only with recognized sustainable fisheries and with those who share their dedication to responsibly sourced seafood. 

For a limited time, the salmon is ¥86, almost 20 percent off from its original price of ¥108. Delivery is available throughout China - it reaches you within an hour if you're in Shanghai's city center - which you can purchase by scanning the QR code below.

Zlata是一个俄罗斯家族企业，致力于使用天然可持续的农业生产方式。野生三文鱼是经过认证的ECO产品，Zlata生产的野生三文鱼均来自经过认证的可持续绿色渔业基地，所有的合作伙伴都秉持对生态环境负责任的海鲜业经营理念。

三文鱼原价￥108，现在限时特价只要¥86，差不多相当于打八折哦。全国都可送货上门，上海中心城区1小时极速到家。立即扫描下方二维码订购吧。

BUY NOW ON SHANGHAIIST FOR ONLY ¥86, ORIGINAL PRICE ¥108

原价¥108，现在购买立享Shanghaiist读者特惠价￥86

Scan QR code to purchase ▼

Click 'Read More'

to purchase!

▼